The Neuroscience of Leading Effective Teams

Harness collective intelligence, spark motivation, build unity

By Jay J. Van Bavel, Dominic J. Packer, Christine Payne, and David Rock

Humans have always worked together, but teams are becoming more and more ubiquitous as business is increasingly collaborative. This paper dispels myths about teams, such as, “A team made of all stars will be an all-star team”, and instructs leaders on how to compose and encourage productive, innovative, and profitable teams. These strategies include prioritizing diversity and fostering a sense of common social identity.

Access this article in full as well as the complete catalog of NLIs groundbreaking research by becoming a member.

Article Summaries

Article Overviews

Executive Summaries

Full Articles

The purpose of this Membership is to serve as a resource for your HR, Talent and Executive Leadership team to educate themselves through self-study.

By clicking this checkbox, you acknowledge that the materials found inside NLI's Membership Portal MAY NOT be used to create training programs nor embedded within any management tools, assessments, or training programs in any form.

Failure to adhere to this policy could result in the termination of your Membership and/or legal repercussions. For more information on permitted vs. unpermitted uses of your Membership, please navigate to this page, or contact us at corpmembership@neuroleadership.com.

img:is([sizes="auto" i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px;}img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important;}.widget_bp_core_login_widget .bp-login-widget-user-avatar{float:left;}.widget_bp_core_login_widget .bp-login-widget-user-links{margin-left:70px;}#bp-login-widget-form label{display:block;font-weight:600;margin:15px 0 5px;width:auto;}#bp-login-widget-form input[type=password],#bp-login-widget-form input[type=text]{background-color:#fafafa;border:1px solid #d6d6d6;border-radius:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;padding:.5em;width:100%;}#bp-login-widget-form .bp-login-widget-register-link,#bp-login-widget-form .login-submit{display:inline;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;}#bp-login-widget-form .bp-login-widget-register-link{margin-left:1em;}#bp-login-widget-form .bp-login-widget-register-link a{filter:invert(1);}#bp-login-widget-form .bp-login-widget-pwd-link{font-size:80%;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs{background:rgba(0,0,0,0);clear:both;overflow:hidden;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul{margin:0;padding:0;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li{list-style:none;margin:0;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li a,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li span{border:0;display:block;padding:5px 10px;text-decoration:none;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li .count{background:#eaeaea;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:50%;color:#555;display:inline-block;font-size:12px;margin-left:2px;padding:3px 6px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li a .count:empty{display:none;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.last select{max-width:185px;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.current a,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.selected a{color:#333;opacity:1;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.current a .count,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.selected a .count{background-color:#fff;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.dynamic a .count,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.dynamic.current a .count,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.dynamic.selected a .count{background-color:#5087e5;border:0;color:#fafafa;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs ul li.dynamic a:hover .count{background-color:#5087e5;border:0;color:#fff;}.buddypress_object_nav .main-navs.dir-navs{margin-bottom:20px;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li.current a{text-align:center;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li:not(.current),.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li:not(.current) a{color:#767676;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li:not(.current) a:focus,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li:not(.current) a:hover{background:none;color:#555;}.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li:not(.current) a[disabled]:focus,.buddypress_object_nav .bp-navs.group-create-links ul li:not(.current) a[disabled]:hover{color:#767676;}[data-type="bp/member"] input.components-placeholder__input{border:1px solid #757575;border-radius:2px;flex:1 1 auto;padding:6px 8px;}.bp-block-member{position:relative;}.bp-block-member .member-content{display:flex;}.bp-block-member .user-nicename{display:block;}.bp-block-member .user-nicename a{border:none;color:currentColor;text-decoration:none;}.bp-block-member .bp-profile-button{width:100%;}.bp-block-member .bp-profile-button a.button{bottom:10px;display:inline-block;margin:18px 0 0;position:absolute;right:0;}.bp-block-member.has-cover .item-header-avatar,.bp-block-member.has-cover .member-content,.bp-block-member.has-cover .member-description{z-index:2;}.bp-block-member.has-cover .member-content,.bp-block-member.has-cover .member-description{padding-top:75px;}.bp-block-member.has-cover .bp-member-cover-image{background-color:#c5c5c5;background-position:top;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;border:0;display:block;height:150px;left:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;z-index:1;}.bp-block-member img.avatar{height:auto;width:auto;}.bp-block-member.avatar-none .item-header-avatar{display:none;}.bp-block-member.avatar-none.has-cover{min-height:200px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-full{min-height:150px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-full .item-header-avatar{width:180px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-thumb .member-content{align-items:center;min-height:50px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-thumb .item-header-avatar{width:70px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-full.has-cover{min-height:300px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-full.has-cover .item-header-avatar{width:200px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-full.has-cover img.avatar{background:rgba(255,255,255,.8);border:2px solid #fff;margin-left:20px;}.bp-block-member.avatar-thumb.has-cover .item-header-avatar{padding-top:75px;}.entry .entry-content .bp-block-member .user-nicename a{border:none;color:currentColor;text-decoration:none;}[data-type="bp/members"] .components-placeholder.is-appender{min-height:0;}[data-type="bp/members"] .components-placeholder.is-appender .components-placeholder__label:empty{display:none;}[data-type="bp/members"] .components-placeholder input.components-placeholder__input{border:1px solid #757575;border-radius:2px;flex:1 1 auto;padding:6px 8px;}[data-type="bp/members"].avatar-none .member-description{width:calc(100% - 44px);}[data-type="bp/members"].avatar-full .member-description{width:calc(100% - 224px);}[data-type="bp/members"].avatar-thumb .member-description{width:calc(100% - 114px);}[data-type="bp/members"] .member-content{position:relative;}[data-type="bp/members"] .member-content .is-right{position:absolute;right:2px;top:2px;}[data-type="bp/members"] .columns-2 .member-content .member-description,[data-type="bp/members"] .columns-3 .member-content .member-description,[data-type="bp/members"] .columns-4 .member-content .member-description{padding-left:44px;width:calc(100% - 44px);}[data-type="bp/members"] .columns-3 .is-right{right:-10px;}[data-type="bp/members"] .columns-4 .is-right{right:-50px;}.bp-block-members.is-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0;}.bp-block-members.is-grid .member-content{margin:0 1.25em 1.25em 0;width:100%;}@media (min-width:600px){.bp-block-members.columns-2 .member-content{width:calc(50% - .625em);}.bp-block-members.columns-2 .member-content:nth-child(2n){margin-right:0;}.bp-block-members.columns-3 .member-content{width:calc(33.33333% - .83333em);}.bp-block-members.columns-3 .member-content:nth-child(3n){margin-right:0;}.bp-block-members.columns-4 .member-content{width:calc(25% - .9375em);}.bp-block-members.columns-4 .member-content:nth-child(4n){margin-right:0;}}.bp-block-members .member-content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:1em;text-align:center;}.bp-block-members .member-content .item-header-avatar,.bp-block-members .member-content .member-description{width:100%;}.bp-block-members .member-content .item-header-avatar{margin:0 auto;}.bp-block-members .member-content .item-header-avatar img.avatar{display:inline-block;}@media (min-width:600px){.bp-block-members .member-content{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;}.bp-block-members .member-content .item-header-avatar,.bp-block-members .member-content .member-description{width:auto;}.bp-block-members .member-content .item-header-avatar{margin:0;}}.bp-block-members .member-content .user-nicename{display:block;}.bp-block-members .member-content .user-nicename a{border:none;color:currentColor;text-decoration:none;}.bp-block-members .member-content time{color:#767676;display:block;font-size:80%;}.bp-block-members.avatar-none .item-header-avatar{display:none;}.bp-block-members.avatar-full{min-height:190px;}.bp-block-members.avatar-full .item-header-avatar{width:180px;}.bp-block-members.avatar-thumb .member-content{min-height:80px;}.bp-block-members.avatar-thumb .item-header-avatar{width:70px;}.bp-block-members.columns-2 .member-content,.bp-block-members.columns-3 .member-content,.bp-block-members.columns-4 .member-content{display:block;text-align:center;}.bp-block-members.columns-2 .member-content .item-header-avatar,.bp-block-members.columns-3 .member-content .item-header-avatar,.bp-block-members.columns-4 .member-content .item-header-avatar{margin:0 auto;}.bp-block-members img.avatar{height:auto;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;width:auto;}.bp-block-members .member-content.has-activity{align-items:center;}.bp-block-members .member-content.has-activity .item-header-avatar{padding-right:1em;}.bp-block-members .member-content.has-activity .wp-block-quote{margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;}.bp-block-members .member-content.has-activity .wp-block-quote cite a,.entry .entry-content .bp-block-members .user-nicename a{border:none;color:currentColor;text-decoration:none;}.bp-dynamic-block-container .item-options{font-size:.5em;margin:0 0 1em;padding:1em 0;}.bp-dynamic-block-container .item-options a.selected{font-weight:600;}.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list{list-style:none;margin:1em 0;padding-left:0;}.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list li{margin-bottom:1em;}.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list li:after,.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list li:before{content:" ";display:table;}.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list li:after{clear:both;}.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list li .item-avatar{float:left;width:60px;}.bp-dynamic-block-container ul.item-list li .item{margin-left:70px;}.widget_bp_core_whos_online_widget .avatar-block,[data-type="bp/online-members"] .avatar-block{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;}.widget_bp_core_whos_online_widget .avatar-block img,[data-type="bp/online-members"] .avatar-block img{margin:.5em;}.widget_bp_core_recently_active_widget .avatar-block,[data-type="bp/active-members"] .avatar-block{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;}.widget_bp_core_recently_active_widget .avatar-block img,[data-type="bp/active-members"] .avatar-block img{margin:.5em;}.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em;}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*,div){margin:0;}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*,div){margin:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6;}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width;}@viewport{width:device-width;}.ForMobile{display:none !important;}.journal_header .alignright{width:44%;margin:0 0 15px;}.journal_header .alingleft{font-size:30px;color:#fff;float:left;width:50%;margin-right:6%;font-family:MuseoSans_300-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;}.journal_header .fluid-width-video-wrapper{padding-top:60%;}.journal_header h2{font-size:45px !important;color:#fff !important;margin:30px 0 15px;line-height:1.1 !important;text-transform:uppercase;}.journal_header .by_author{font-size:20px;margin-bottom:20px;font-family:MuseoSans_500-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;}.journal_header .btn{font-size:20px;color:#fff;background:#0096de;text-transform:uppercase;padding:8px 15px;border-radius:50px;}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:1600px){}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:1365px){.journal_header h2{font-size:30px !important;margin:20px 0 5px;}.journal_header .alingleft{font-size:25px;}.journal_header .by_author,.journal_header .btn{font-size:16px;}}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:1015px){.journal_header .alignright,.journal_header .alingleft{width:100%;margin-right:0;}}@media screen and (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 991px){}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:767px){.ForMobile{display:block !important;}.ForDesktop{display:none !important;}body{min-width:320px;}}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:479px){}@media only screen and (min-device-width:320px){body{padding:0;}}:root{--pmpro--color--base:#fff;--pmpro--color--contrast:#222;--pmpro--color--accent:#0c3d54;--pmpro--color--accent--variation:hsl(199,75%,28.5%);--pmpro--color--border--variation:hsl(0,0%,91%);}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important;}@media screen and (max-height: 1024px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important;}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}}@media screen and (max-height: 640px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important;}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}.recent-briefings{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 -15px;}.briefing{padding:1em;border:1px solid;width:calc(25% - 1em);font-size:.8em;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:1.5em;}@media (max-width: 1100px){.briefing{width:calc(50% - 1em);}}@media (max-width: 768px){.briefing{width:100%;font-size:1em;}}.briefing__excerpt{line-height:1.5;}.briefing__excerpt strong{font-weight:normal;}.briefing__btn{background:#004378;line-height:60px;height:56px;display:inline-block;padding:0 1.5em;color:white !important;font-size:18px;font-weight:400;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}.briefing__btn:hover{background:#0377c4;}#nli__library > div{font-size:.8em;}#nli__library #nli-filter .jplist-drop-down{width:19.668%;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a label{font-size:14px;width:130px;width:auto;color:#33475b;display:block;float:none;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:4px;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;}.hbspt-form .hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a label span.hs-form-required{color:red;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a label span:not(.hs-error-msg){font-family:helvetica;font-size:15px;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .field{margin-bottom:13px;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a ul.no-list.hs-error-msgs.inputs-list{padding:0;margin:0 0 5px;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a ul.no-list.hs-error-msgs.inputs-list li{margin:0;}.hbspt-form .hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs-input,.hbspt-form .hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a fieldset select.hs-input{display:inline-block;width:90%;max-width:500px;height:40px;padding:9px 10px;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;line-height:22px;color:#33475b;border:1px solid #cbd6e2;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;-ms-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;outline:0;}.hbspt-form .hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a fieldset.form-columns-1 select.hs-input{width:95%;max-width:100%;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a fieldset.form-columns-2 .input,.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a fieldset.form-columns-1 .input{padding:0;line-height:40px;height:40px;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a > div input:not([type=image]):not([type=submit]):not([type=button]):not([type=radio]):not([type=checkbox]):not([type=file]),.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a fieldset input:not([type=image]):not([type=submit]):not([type=button]):not([type=radio]):not([type=checkbox]):not([type=file]){box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 15px;min-height:27px;}input.hs-input.error,div.field.error input,div.field.error textarea,div.field.error .chzn-choices,textarea.hs-input.error,select.hs-input.error{border-color:#c87872;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs-input:focus{outline:none;border-color:rgba(82,168,236,.8);}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs-error-msgs label{color:#f2545b;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a select.is-placeholder{color:#bfbfbf;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs-richtext{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:3px;font-family:helvetica;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a a:link,.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a a:active{color:#00e;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a a:link{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a a:visited,.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a a:hover{color:#551a8b;}.hbspt-form .hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs_submit{text-align:center;margin-top:40px;width:95%;}.hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs-button{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin:0;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;line-height:12px;position:relative;text-align:center;transition:all .15s linear;background-color:#ff7a59;border-color:#ff7a59;color:#fff;border-radius:0;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-size:14px;padding:12px 24px;}.hbspt-form .hs-form-76c0d747-bbab-45a0-9669-bfd058db918a .hs_submit input.hs-button{background:#f27311;border-color:#f27311;color:#fff;font-size:15px;line-height:15px;font-family:helvetica;}:root{--wpforms-field-border-radius:3px;--wpforms-field-border-style:solid;--wpforms-field-border-size:1px;--wpforms-field-background-color:#fff;--wpforms-field-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.25);--wpforms-field-border-color-spare:rgba(0,0,0,.25);--wpforms-field-text-color:rgba(0,0,0,.7);--wpforms-field-menu-color:#fff;--wpforms-label-color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);--wpforms-label-sublabel-color:rgba(0,0,0,.55);--wpforms-label-error-color:#d63637;--wpforms-button-border-radius:3px;--wpforms-button-border-style:none;--wpforms-button-border-size:1px;--wpforms-button-background-color:#066aab;--wpforms-button-border-color:#066aab;--wpforms-button-text-color:#fff;--wpforms-page-break-color:#066aab;--wpforms-background-image:none;--wpforms-background-position:center center;--wpforms-background-repeat:no-repeat;--wpforms-background-size:cover;--wpforms-background-width:100px;--wpforms-background-height:100px;--wpforms-background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);--wpforms-background-url:none;--wpforms-container-padding:0px;--wpforms-container-border-style:none;--wpforms-container-border-width:1px;--wpforms-container-border-color:#000;--wpforms-container-border-radius:3px;--wpforms-field-size-input-height:43px;--wpforms-field-size-input-spacing:15px;--wpforms-field-size-font-size:16px;--wpforms-field-size-line-height:19px;--wpforms-field-size-padding-h:14px;--wpforms-field-size-checkbox-size:16px;--wpforms-field-size-sublabel-spacing:5px;--wpforms-field-size-icon-size:1;--wpforms-label-size-font-size:16px;--wpforms-label-size-line-height:19px;--wpforms-label-size-sublabel-font-size:14px;--wpforms-label-size-sublabel-line-height:17px;--wpforms-button-size-font-size:17px;--wpforms-button-size-height:41px;--wpforms-button-size-padding-h:15px;--wpforms-button-size-margin-top:10px;--wpforms-container-shadow-size-box-shadow:none;}.closed{display:none !important;}#legal,#login{word-wrap:break-word;}.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel{position:relative;display:block;}.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel input[type=radio]{display:none;}.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel label{float:none;display:block;position:relative;height:auto;padding:10px 20px;border-radius:3px;line-height:1em;font-size:15px;}.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel label:hover{background:#555;color:white;}.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel input:checked + label:hover,.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel input:checked + label{background:black;color:white;cursor:default;}.products__display--filterable .product__container--grow img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--decide img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--include img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--ally img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--connect img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--focus img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--improve img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--voice img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--select img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--differentiate img.product__img{}.products__display--filterable .product__container--develop img.product__img{}.engagement__display .product__container,.products__display--filterable .product__container{margin-bottom:60px;}.engagement__display .product__hed,.products__display--filterable .product__hed{margin:0px;}.engagement__display .product__dek,.products__display--filterable .product__dek{margin:0px;color:rgba(0,0,0,.7);max-width:180px;}.products__display--simple .product__img{position:relative;display:block;height:80px;width:80px;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:left center;}.products__display--simple .product__container--grow .product__img{}.products__display--simple .product__container--decide .product__img{background-size:85%;}.products__display--simple .product__container--include .product__img{}.products__display--simple .product__container--ally .product__img{background-size:90%;}.products__display--simple .product__container--connect .product__img{}.products__display--simple .product__container--focus .product__img{background-size:90%;}.products__display--simple .product__container--improve .product__img{}.products__display--simple .product__container--voice .product__img{background-size:90%;}.products__display--simple .product__container--select .product__img{background-size:90%;}.products__display--simple .product__container--differentiate .product__img{}.products__display--simple .product__container--develop .product__img{}.products__display--simple h4.product__hed{color:black;font-weight:bold;font-size:18px;margin-bottom:6px;}.products__display--simple p.product__dek{font-size:14px;color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);line-height:18px;}.products__display--simple span.product__divider{position:relative;display:block;background:#d8d8d8;height:1px;width:100%;margin:15px 0px;}.topics__display{padding:2em 0px;text-align:center;}.topic__item--inner{padding:10px 20px 7px 20px;background:white;border-radius:20px;font-weight:700;color:#de5275;}.topic__item--inner:hover{background:#de5275;color:white;}.topics__display .topic__item{display:block;position:relative;width:auto;margin-bottom:20px;}.topics__display .topic__item:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0px;}.topic__item i.material-icons{font-size:18px;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;}.topic__item p.topic__item--hed{font-size:15px !important;margin:0px;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;}@media only screen and (min-width: 48rem){.products__display--filterable .jplist-panel label{display:inline-block;}.topics__display .topic__item{display:inline-block;margin-left:20px;}.topics__display .topic__item:first-of-type{margin-left:0px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 64rem){}@media only screen and (min-width: 80rem){}.user__forms{padding:1em;background-color:#efeff0;border-radius:3px;max-width:500px;margin:0px auto;}.user__forms.user__forms--includ-reset{max-width:none;}.user__forms > div{width:100%;display:block;vertical-align:top;}.user__forms.user__forms--includ-reset > div:nth-child(2){border-top:1px solid #ddd;padding-top:20px;margin-top:20px;}.user__forms h4{margin:0px 0px .5em 0px;}.user__forms .acf-fields > .acf-field{padding:0px;border:none;display:flex;position:relative;margin-bottom:5px;}.user__forms .acf-fields > .acf-field.login-remember{margin-bottom:10px;}.user__forms .acf-field .acf-label{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:auto;margin:0px;vertical-align:top;flex-basis:30%;}.user__forms label,.user__forms .acf-field .acf-label label{font-size:15px;display:inline-block;width:auto;font-weight:normal;padding:0px;margin:0px;}.user__forms .acf-field .acf-input{flex-grow:1;}.user__forms input:not([type="submit"]):not([name="rememberme"]){width:auto;border:1px solid #ccc;font-size:15px;line-height:1em;color:black;margin:0px 0px 5px 0px !important;padding:3px 3px 3px 7px;flex-grow:1;border-radius:2px;height:auto;}.user__forms input[name="rememberme"]{margin:0px 2px 10px 0px;display:inline-block;position:relative;height:12px;width:12px;}.user__forms input[name="rememberme"] .user__forms input[type="submit"]{font-size:15px;font-size:.75em;position:relative;display:block;min-width:60px;text-align:center;padding:8px 6px 6px;border:1px solid #0067b1;border-radius:2px;margin-right:4px;color:#0067b1;line-height:1em;cursor:pointer;}.user__forms .acf-fields > .acf-field input[type="submit"]{font-size:15px;line-height:15px;padding:7px 12px 5px 12px;}.user__forms .acf-fields > .acf-field.login-resetlink a{font-size:15px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:0px;display:block;}.user__forms.user__forms--includ-reset .login-resetlink{display:none;}form.user__forms--reset .acf-field.username > div:last-child{flex-basis:40%;}form.user__forms--reset .acf-field.username > div:first-child{flex-basis:60%;}@media only screen and (min-width: 48rem){.user__forms > div{width:100%;display:block;vertical-align:top;}.user__forms.user__forms--includ-reset > div{width:48%;display:inline-block;}.user__forms.user__forms--includ-reset > div:nth-child(2){border-top:0px solid #ddd;padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;border-left:1px solid #ddd;padding-left:3%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 64rem){}@media only screen and (min-width: 80rem){}.container > .vimeo-container{margin-bottom:45px;}.fusion-page-title-bar{display:none;}main#main{padding:0;}main#main .fusion-row{max-width:100%;}.material-page > div:last-child{background-color:#efeff0;padding:50px 6% 80px 5.3%;background-position:right bottom;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.material-page > div:first-child{padding:70px 50px 50px 6.5%;}.material-page img.nli-journal{max-width:610px;margin:0 0 30px;width:100%;}.material-page h1{font-size:35px !important;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 20px;font-family:MuseoSans_500-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;}.articles > span:not(.hs-cta-wrapper){display:inline-block;margin:0 40px 40px 0;font-size:17px;color:#0096de;font-family:"PT Sans",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;min-height:46px;}.articles > span.hs-cta-wrapper a{background:#003e7e;color:#fff;font-size:14px;padding:20px 30px;border-radius:50px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:bold;margin-top:20px;display:inline-block;letter-spacing:1px;}.articles img{margin-right:15px;float:left;}.material-page .the_content{padding:0 0 10px;font-size:17px;font-family:MuseoSans_300-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;}.material-page .author{font-size:17px;font-family:MuseoSans_500-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 30px;}.material-page .sub_title{font-size:28px;margin:0 0 26px;font-family:MuseoSans_300-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;}.material-page > div:last-child .articles{margin:0 0 30px;}.material-page > div:last-child .articles span{margin-bottom:15px;}.material-page .for-logged-out.articles{padding:10px 30px 30px;background:#efeff0;border-radius:6px;font-size:22px;font-family:MuseoSans_500-webfont,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003e7e;margin:0 0 30px;}.for-logged-out.articles .clearfix span{display:block;width:50%;padding:30px 8%;float:left;height:115px;margin:0;}.for-logged-out.articles .clearfix span:nth-child(1){border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;}.for-logged-out.articles .clearfix span:nth-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;}.for-logged-out.articles .clearfix span:nth-child(3){border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;}.for-logged-out.articles .btn{background:#003e7e;color:#fff;font-size:14px;padding:20px 30px;border-radius:50px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:bold;margin-top:20px;display:inline-block;}.login-now{font-size:22px;color:#003e7e;font-weight:bold;margin:10px 0px 15px;}.login-now a{background:#0096de;color:#fff;display:block;max-width:180px;text-align:center;padding:15px 20px;border-radius:50px;margin:20px 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:15px;letter-spacing:1px;font-weight:500;}.material-login{padding:10px 30px 30px;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #fff;}.discussion-questions h2{font-size:2.2em;font-weight:100;margin-bottom:15px;}.discussion-questions ul{padding-left:22px;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.2em;margin-top:15px;}.discussion-questions ul li{margin-bottom:.6em;}.single .comments-container{max-width:1000px;margin:0px auto;padding:100px 1em 0px;}div#comments + div#respond{padding-top:0px;}div#respond{padding-bottom:100px;}.comment-author.meta{font-size:15px;overflow:visible;display:block;}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width;}@viewport{width:device-width;}.ForMobile{display:none !important;}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:1600px){}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:1365px){}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:1279px){.material-page > div{width:100%;height:inherit !important;}.material-page > div:first-child,.material-page > div:last-child{padding:50px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 991px){}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:767px){.ForMobile{display:block !important;}.ForDesktop{display:none !important;}body{min-width:320px;}.for-logged-out.articles span{width:100%;padding:20px 0 !important;height:inherit;border:0 !important;border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9 !important;}.for-logged-out.articles span:last-child{margin:0 0 50px;}.material-page > div:first-child,.material-page > div:last-child{padding:20px;}.material-page h1{font-size:24px;line-height:1.2;}.for-logged-out.articles .btn{font-size:16px;padding:15px 20px;}.login-now a{font-size:18px;}}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:479px){}@media only screen and (min-device-width:320px){body{padding:0;}}